Some of the most well known examples of Learning Healthcare Systems are being implemented at the national level. At this scale, routine data has the potential to improve the availability of comparative effectiveness research and to allow benchmarking of services between providers. These systems have also been used to deliver epidemiological insights and to monitor adverse events caused by new treatments, almost in real-time.
As the examples cited below illustrate, National Learning Healthcare Systems introduce new technical, ethical and Information Governance Challenges.